NaJulia Martin-Ortega, Brent Jacobs naDana Cordell

Pasina phosphorus zvokudya hazvigoni kubudiswa, sezvo zvirimwa zvose nemhuka zvichida kuti zvikure.Taura zviri nyore: kana pasina phosphorus, hapana hupenyu.Zvakadai, fetereza ine phosphorus - ndiyo "P" mu "NPK" fetireza - yave yakakosha kuhurongwa hwechikafu pasi rose.

Yakawanda phosphorus inobva kune isingadzokerikezve phosphate rock, uye haigone kugadzirwa nemazvo.Saka varimi vese vanoda kuiwana, asi 85% yedombo repasi rose regiredhi repamusoro rakaiswa munyika shanu chete (dzimwe dzacho dziri “geopolitically complex”): Morocco, China, Egypt, Algeria neSouth Africa.

Makumi manomwe muzana anowanikwa muMorocco chete.Izvi zvinoita kuti hurongwa hwechikafu hwepasi rose huve panjodzi yekuvhiringwa mukupihwa kwephosphorus izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa kukwira kwemitengo kamwe kamwe.Semuyenzaniso, muna 2008 mutengo wemafetireza efosfate wakasvika 800%.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kwephosphorus mukugadzira chikafu hakuna kunyatsoshanda, kubva kumugodhi kuenda kupurazi kusvika kune forogo.Inoyerera ichibva panyika yokurima ichienda munzizi nemadziva, ichisvibisa mvura iyo inogona kuuraya hove nemiti, uye kuita kuti mvura ive muchetura kuti unwe.

MuUK chete, isingasviki hafu ye174,000 matani ephosphate inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inonyanyo shandiswa zvine pundutso kurima chikafu, iine phosphorus yakafanana yakayerwa muEU yose.Nekuda kweizvozvo, miganhu yepuraneti (Pasi "nzvimbo yakachengeteka") yehuwandu hwekuyerera kwephosphorous muhurongwa hwemvura yakatyorwa kwenguva refu.

Kunze kwekunge tanyatso shandura mashandisiro atinoita phosphorus, chero kukanganisika kwekupa kunokonzeresa dambudziko rechikafu pasi rose sezvo nyika zhinji dzichinyanya kuvimba nefotereza inotengwa kunze kwenyika.Kushandisa phosphorus nenzira ine hungwaru, kusanganisira kushandisa phosphorus yakawanda yakadzokororwa, kwaizobatsirawo nzizi nemadziva zvagara zvakatsikirirwa.

Parizvino tiri kuona kukwira kwemutengo wefosfati mukuru wechitatu mumakore makumi mashanu, nekuda kwedenda reCCIDID-19, China (mutengesi mukuru kunze kwenyika) achiisa mutero wekutengesa kunze kwenyika, uye Russia (mumwe wevagadziri vashanu vepamusoro) inorambidza kutengesa kunze kwenyika ichibva yapinda muUkraine.Kubva pakatanga denda, mitengo yefetereza yakakwira zvakanyanya uye pane imwe nguva yakawedzera zvakapetwa kana mukati memakore maviri.Ivo vachiri pamatanho avo epamusoro kubvira 2008.